Materials

Stainless Steel

Stainless steel is a versatile and widely used material known for its excellent corrosion resistance, durability, and strength. It is an alloy primarily composed of iron, chromium, and varying amounts of nickel and other elements, which enhance its mechanical and chemical properties. Due to its resistance to rust and oxidation, stainless steel is extensively used in industries such as construction, oil & gas, petrochemical, food processing, and marine applications.

One of the key advantages of stainless steel is its ability to perform efficiently in extreme environments, including high temperatures and corrosive conditions. Different grades such as 304, 316, 321, and 410 are designed to meet specific industrial requirements, offering variations in strength, corrosion resistance, and heat resistance. This makes stainless steel suitable for a wide range of products including pipes, fittings, flanges, sheets, and bars.

Stainless steel products are manufactured according to international standards to ensure consistency, quality, and reliability. Its low maintenance, long service life, and recyclability also make it an environmentally friendly material choice. As a result, stainless steel continues to be a preferred material for modern engineering and industrial applications worldwide.

Stainless Steel Specifications

Standards	ASTM A240, ASTM A276, ASTM A312, ASTM A213, ASTM A182
Grades	SS 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 321, 410, 420
Types	Pipes, Tubes, Fittings, Flanges, Sheets, Plates, Bars
Form	Seamless, Welded, Forged, Rolled
Size Range	1/8" to 60" (depending on product)
Thickness	0.3 mm to 100 mm
Finish	2B, BA, No.4, Mirror, Pickled, Polished
Length	Standard & Custom Length Available

Chemical Properties of Stainless Steel (%)

Element	Range (%)
Iron (Fe)	Balance
Chromium (Cr)	10.5 – 20
Nickel (Ni)	0 – 14
Carbon (C)	0.03 – 0.15
Molybdenum (Mo)	0 – 3
Manganese (Mn)	0 – 2
Silicon (Si)	0 – 1
Phosphorus (P)	0 – 0.045
Sulfur (S)	0 – 0.03

Alloy Steel

Alloy steel is widely used in industrial applications due to its enhanced strength, toughness, and resistance to wear and high temperatures. It contains elements such as chromium, molybdenum, and nickel which improve its performance in critical environments.

It is extensively used in oil & gas, petrochemical, and power generation industries where high pressure and temperature resistance is required.

Alloy Steel Specifications

Standards	ASTM A182, ASTM A335, ASTM A387
Grades	F1, F5, F9, F11, F22, F91
Product Types	Pipes, Tubes, Fittings, Flanges, Sheets, Plates, Round Bars, Forged Components
Form	Seamless, Welded, Forged, Rolled

Chemical Properties (%)

Element	Range (%)
Carbon	0.05 – 0.15
Chromium	1 – 9
Molybdenum	0.5 – 1.5
Manganese	0.3 – 0.6

Duplex Steel

Duplex steel combines high strength with excellent corrosion resistance, especially in chloride-rich environments. It is widely used in offshore and marine industries.

Its balanced microstructure provides superior resistance to stress corrosion cracking and improved durability.

Duplex Steel Specifications

Standards	ASTM A240, ASTM A182, ASTM A790
Grades	UNS S31803, S32205
Product Types	Pipes, Tubes, Fittings, Flanges, Sheets, Plates, Round Bars
Form	Seamless, Welded, Forged

Chemical Properties (%)

Element	Range (%)
Chromium	21 – 23
Nickel	4.5 – 6.5
Molybdenum	2.5 – 3.5
Nitrogen	0.08 – 0.20

Super Duplex Steel

Super duplex steel offers superior strength and corrosion resistance compared to standard duplex grades, making it suitable for extreme conditions.

It is widely used in offshore platforms, desalination plants, and chemical processing units.

Super Duplex Steel Specifications

Standards	ASTM A240, ASTM A182, ASTM A790
Grades	UNS S32750, S32760
Product Types	Pipes, Tubes, Fittings, Flanges, Sheets, Plates, Round Bars
Form	Seamless, Welded, Forged

Chemical Properties (%)

Element	Range (%)
Chromium	24 – 26
Nickel	6 – 8
Molybdenum	3 – 5
Nitrogen	0.24 – 0.32

Monel

Monel is a nickel-copper alloy known for its excellent resistance to corrosion in marine and chemical environments.

It provides high strength and durability even in acidic and seawater conditions.

Monel Specifications

Standards	ASTM B127, ASTM B164
Grades	Monel 400, Monel K500
Product Types	Pipes, Tubes, Fittings, Flanges, Sheets, Plates, Round Bars

Chemical Properties (%)

Element	Range (%)
Nickel	63 min
Copper	28 – 34
Iron	2.5 max

Inconel

Inconel is a nickel-based superalloy designed for extreme environments involving high temperatures and pressure.

It offers excellent oxidation resistance and mechanical strength.

Inconel Specifications

Standards	ASTM B168, ASTM B443, ASTM B564
Grades	600, 625, 718, 800
Product Types	Pipes, Tubes, Fittings, Flanges, Sheets, Plates, Round Bars

Chemical Properties (%)

Element	Range (%)
Nickel	50 – 72
Chromium	14 – 23
Molybdenum	8 – 10

Hastelloy

Hastelloy alloys provide outstanding corrosion resistance in aggressive chemical environments.

They are widely used in chemical processing and pollution control applications.

Hastelloy Specifications

Standards	ASTM B575, ASTM B622
Grades	C22, C276, B2
Product Types	Pipes, Tubes, Fittings, Flanges, Sheets, Plates, Round Bars

Chemical Properties (%)

Element	Range (%)
Nickel	50 – 60
Chromium	14 – 22
Molybdenum	15 – 17

Copper & Brass

Copper and brass are widely used due to their excellent conductivity and corrosion resistance.

They are commonly used in electrical, plumbing, and decorative applications.

Specifications

Standards	ASTM B152, ASTM B36
Grades	C11000, C26000
Product Types	Pipes, Tubes, Fittings, Sheets, Plates, Bars

Chemical Properties (%)

Element	Range (%)
Copper	60 – 99.9
Zinc	Balance

Titanium

Titanium is a lightweight, high-strength material with excellent corrosion resistance.

It is widely used in aerospace, marine, and medical applications.

Specifications

Standards	ASTM B265, ASTM B348
Grades	Grade 2, Grade 5
Product Types	Pipes, Tubes, Fittings, Flanges, Sheets, Plates, Bars

Chemical Properties (%)

Element	Range (%)
Titanium	99 min

Aluminium

Aluminium is a lightweight and corrosion-resistant material widely used in construction and transportation industries.

It offers excellent formability and conductivity.

Specifications

Standards	ASTM B209, ASTM B221
Grades	6061, 6082, 7075
Product Types	Pipes, Tubes, Fittings, Sheets, Plates, Bars

Chemical Properties (%)

Element	Range (%)
Aluminium	Balance
Magnesium	0.8 – 1.2
Silicon	0.4 – 0.8